SELECT 
  products.product_id 
FROM 
  products as products 
  LEFT JOIN product_descriptions as descr1 ON descr1.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND descr1.lang_code = 'en' 
  LEFT JOIN product_prices as prices ON prices.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND prices.lower_limit = 1 
  LEFT JOIN companies AS companies ON companies.company_id = products.company_id 
  INNER JOIN products_categories as products_categories ON products_categories.product_id = products.product_id 
  INNER JOIN categories ON categories.category_id = products_categories.category_id 
  AND (
    categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(0, categories.usergroup_ids) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(1, categories.usergroup_ids)
  ) 
  AND categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  AND categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  LEFT JOIN product_options_inventory as inventory ON inventory.product_id = products.product_id 
  LEFT JOIN product_popularity as popularity ON popularity.product_id = products.product_id 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND categories.category_id IN (
    16952, 1301, 2410, 1072, 1123, 19037, 
    3352, 507, 594, 601, 508, 1076, 509, 
    687, 7460, 8497, 3397, 540, 8997, 9500
  ) 
  AND companies.status IN ('A') 
  AND products.company_id = 242 
  AND (
    products.amount > 0 
    OR products.tracking = 'D'
  ) 
  AND (
    products.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(0, products.usergroup_ids) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(1, products.usergroup_ids)
  ) 
  AND products.status IN ('A') 
  AND prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
  AND products.company_id = 242 
  AND products.company_id = 242 
  AND products.company_id = 242 
GROUP BY 
  products.product_id 
ORDER BY 
  popularity.total desc, 
  products.product_id ASC 
LIMIT 
  0, 12

Query time 0.00260

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "37.24"
    },
    "ordering_operation": {
      "using_filesort": true,
      "grouping_operation": {
        "using_temporary_table": true,
        "using_filesort": false,
        "nested_loop": [
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "companies",
              "access_type": "const",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "idx_status"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "company_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "4",
              "ref": [
                "const"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.00",
                "eval_cost": "0.10",
                "prefix_cost": "0.00",
                "data_read_per_join": "14K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "company_id",
                "status"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "categories",
              "access_type": "range",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "c_status",
                "p_category_id"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "category_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 20,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "4.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "8.95",
                "eval_cost": "0.08",
                "prefix_cost": "9.03",
                "data_read_per_join": "2K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "category_id",
                "usergroup_ids",
                "status",
                "storefront_id"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "((`goimagine`.`categories`.`category_id` in (16952,1301,2410,1072,1123,19037,3352,507,594,601,508,1076,509,687,7460,8497,3397,540,8997,9500)) and ((`goimagine`.`categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`goimagine`.`categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`goimagine`.`categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`goimagine`.`categories`.`status` in ('A','H')) and (`goimagine`.`categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)))"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products_categories",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "pt"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "category_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "goimagine.categories.category_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 68,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 54,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "using_index": true,
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.27",
                "eval_cost": "5.45",
                "prefix_cost": "14.75",
                "data_read_per_join": "871"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "category_id"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "age_verification",
                "status",
                "idx_company_id",
                "idx_usergroup_ids",
                "idx_amount",
                "index_products_on_deleted_at"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "goimagine.products_categories.product_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
              "filtered": "5.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "14.51",
                "eval_cost": "0.27",
                "prefix_cost": "34.70",
                "data_read_per_join": "11K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "status",
                "company_id",
                "amount",
                "usergroup_ids",
                "tracking"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "((`goimagine`.`products`.`company_id` = 242) and ((`goimagine`.`products`.`amount` > 0) or (`goimagine`.`products`.`tracking` = 'D')) and ((`goimagine`.`products`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`goimagine`.`products`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`goimagine`.`products`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`goimagine`.`products`.`status` = 'A'))"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "prices",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "usergroup",
                "product_id",
                "lower_limit",
                "usergroup_id"
              ],
              "key": "product_id",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "goimagine.products_categories.product_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "25.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.87",
                "eval_cost": "0.07",
                "prefix_cost": "35.85",
                "data_read_per_join": "16"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "id",
                "product_id",
                "lower_limit",
                "usergroup_id"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "((`goimagine`.`prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`goimagine`.`prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,0,1)))"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "descr1",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id",
                "lang_code"
              ],
              "key_length": "11",
              "ref": [
                "goimagine.products_categories.product_id",
                "const"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "using_index": true,
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.44",
                "eval_cost": "0.07",
                "prefix_cost": "36.36",
                "data_read_per_join": "3K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "lang_code"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "inventory",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "pc"
              ],
              "key": "pc",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "goimagine.products_categories.product_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 3,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "using_index": true,
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.21",
                "eval_cost": "0.24",
                "prefix_cost": "36.82",
                "data_read_per_join": "2K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "combination_hash"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "popularity",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "total"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "goimagine.products_categories.product_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.18",
                "eval_cost": "0.24",
                "prefix_cost": "37.24",
                "data_read_per_join": "76"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "total"
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}